When all convenient locations are utilized to the optimum and there is a need for further construction, then several methods can be applied to make space. Among all suggestions, Urban densification is one of the strategies that can be utilized. Urban areas can be developed and it can be made more compact and denser by establishing more buildings vertically instead of horizontally (Fang and Cho, 2019). This can also be done by developing taller buildings or additions of more floors to the existing buildings. Through the help of densification, effective land usage can be done which is beneficial for creating space for further development. Further, D’Agostino and Parker, (2018) stated that the identification of outdated and underutilized buildings is also effective for the redevelopment of a new building and the arrangements of location for many people can be done through this process. In this method demolishing the existing building have to be done first and then the construction of a new building has to be done that makes better use of the available space. In addition to this, combining the different functions within the same building or area is also another strategy that can be utilized. A single building can be utilized for several purposes like residential, commercial, and recreational spaces (Cetin et al. 2018). This is beneficial for the effective use of a building for different purposes. In addition to this, the evaluation of the existing infrastructure is also essential in order to identify areas where efficiency can be improved or where new infrastructure can be added. This is also beneficial in repurposing existing infrastructure. On the other hand, integration of the existing plot with the new development can be done for the maximum utilization of the spaces. Further in the coastal area land reclamation can be considered as a viable option. Filling coastal areas is an option to increase the land areas (McBride and Sundmacher, 2019). This will be beneficial for extending the limit of the land areas and new land places can be created for the accommodation of people. Additional space can be made available for construction. However, this is a risky option and this has a huge chance to face natural calamities (Wu et al. 2021). Careful consideration of natural conditions and identification of all the safety amenities should have to be considered before the expansion and development of the buildings.
In the present situation when land spaces are decreasing then vertical exploration of the buildings is essential. Addition of extra floors to the existing building and the development of the building vertically can be an effective option for the arrangement of land spaces for people. Further Huang et al. (2020) stated that considering the construction of below-ground structures is also effective in increasing accommodation. For example, the underground parking. Underground shopping malls or underground transportation systems are examples of how space can be created by going beneath the surface.
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